This research is part of the project "Corporate Social Responsibility in Ecuadorian savings and credit cooperatives. A multi-case analysis and proposal for the development of a cooperative education program" and examines the synergy between cooperative principles, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the dimensions proposed for a Cooperative Social Responsibility (CSR) measurement model in Ecuador. It explores how these dimensions converge to promote ethical, sustainable and socially responsible practices, aligned with current regulatory compliance. CSR has become increasingly important in cooperatives, (...) becoming a fundamental practice that encompasses cooperative governance, economic, social, environmental, ethical and technological dimensions. This study describes the methodological process for the validation of a CSR instrument in cooperatives, reviewed and validated by experts from Spain, Ecuador, Guatemala, Argentina and Cuba, using the Delphi method to reach a consensus on the relevance and clarity of the questionnaire items. This process ensures that the instrument is suitable for assessing CSR practices in credit unions, providing a reliable tool for the continuous improvement of their operations. (shrink)

El presente artículo se enmarca en el campo de la comprensión acerca del sentido que se le otorga a la escuela. En este caso se contextualiza la pregunta en estudiantes mapuche que asisten a un colegio rural de alta vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. A través de un enfoque cualitativo se buscó principalmente comprender el sentido que le dan niños y niñas a la escuela y las motivaciones que tienen para asistir. Participaron 20 niños y niñas en dos grupos focales. Luego de los (...) análisis iniciales se procedió a volver al campo realizando diez entrevistas individuales. Los resultados muestran que el sentido de la escuela se configura tanto por motivaciones internas como expectativas que tienen los padres sobre el futuro de sus hijos. Desde la mirada de los estudiantes, tanto profesores como padres motivan a los estudiantes a salir de la ruralidad, a seguir estudios superiores como una fórmula de éxito social. (shrink)

This anthology brings together extracts that come from a wide variety of sources and that illustrate Western thought on the subject of humour and laughter from Antiquity to Late Modernity. The selection of texts is comprehensive, historically representative, and original, and includes writings from more than 40 different authors.

The aim of this paper is to answer the question of whether the two evolutionary debunking arguments (EDA) which, in my interpretation, can be developed from memetics (the argument of contagion and the argument of belief in belief) successfully undermine both the internalist and the externalist rationality of theism. The EDA against the rationality of religious belief try to prove that if such belief is caused by processes that do not track the truth, then this belief is unwarranted or even (...) false. I will argue that the contagion argument is not valid due to the theoretical weakness of memetics, while the argument of belief in belief may be partly valid, since it is logically independent of the memetic approach. Finally, I will examine a possible refutation of that argument based on the thesis that the propositional belief in God is not decisive for the adaptive explanation of the complex system of religion. I will show, briefly, that this does not save theism from another EDA based on the adaptive nature of religion. (shrink)

I claim that the increase in complexity in the trace of Paleolithic stone tools can be parsimoniously explained by postulating the emergence of effective mechanisms for the social transmission of representations. I propose that Paleolithic tools, similar to more contemporary tools, were subject to a process of evolution by artificial selection based on functionality.

We draw from upper echelons theory to investigate whether the presence of a chief sustainability officer (CSO) is associated with better corporate environmental performance in highly polluting industries. Such firms are under strong pressure to remediate environmental damage, to comply with regulations, and to even exceed environmental standards. CSOs in these firms are likely to be hired as legitimate agents to lead and successfully implement environmental strategy aimed at reducing pollution levels. Interestingly and contrary to our expectations, we found that (...) the presence of a CSO is associated with higher levels of pollution emissions. Nonetheless, we found that the CSO has a positive influence on a firm’s environmental performance if faced with strict environmental regulations. We argue that the enforcement of environmental regulations enhances monitoring and accountability of pollution emissions. The sample for this study comprised all the S&P 500 firms required by the Environmental Protection Agency to annually report their toxic emissions to the Toxic Release Inventory. Data were collected for a 6-year period from 2006 to 2011. We used a panel data regression and employed propensity score matching to correct for potential endogeneity problems. (shrink)

This essay discusses three axioms of sociopoietic theory from the point of view of philosophy of social science. The first axiom, its de-ontologised character, it is associated to theory formalism and it allows to question the validity of a factual theory that do not presuppose the reality. Th..

Este artigo problematiza a possibilidade de uma definição de natureza humana em Kant a partir da sua teoria dos juízos. Cohen defende que a antropologia fisiológica é a base da antropologia pragmática, porque o ajuizamento do ser humano como um ser organizado, nos permite ajuizá-lo em conformidade a fins [ Zweckmässigkeit ]. Neste sentido, ainda de acordo com o pesquisador, a antropologia pragmática compartilha certas características metodológicas com os princípios de uma filosofia da biologia em Kant, pois a causalidade mecânica (...) é insuficiente para explicar os seres vivos, por isso é necessário um novo tipo de causalidade, que segundo Kant é a final. Mas, este novo tipo de causalidade somente é possível mediante um princípio teleológico, todavia Kant adverte que a causalidade final não é aplicada diretamente ao organismo vivo, mas sim ao conjunto de leis empíricas que o regem, o que nos permite ajuizar que qualquer ser vive segundo fins. Por essa razão, a antropologia fisiológica é a base da antropologia pragmática. Destarte, diferente dele, propomos que a concepção de natureza humana é viável a partir dos efeitos materias produzidos pelas condições de possibilidade e de execução das proposições sintéticas a priori práticas. Neste sentido, a nossa concepção de natureza humana é possível mediante um conjunto de efeitos, que neste caso é o sentimento moral [ moralische Gefühl ]. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza dos herramientas teóricas relevantes para estudiar la función del mérito como un dispositivo que cumple una función de legitimación de las desigualdades políticas: una crítica democrática de la diferencia manual e intelectual en la división social del trabajo y la distinción entre capital y recurso. Para ello, comenta las posiciones de Marx y Durhkeim sobre la división social del trabajo y especifica cómo esta se concreta en la diferencia manual/intelectual apoyándose en Étienne Balibar. Posteriormente, se expone la (...) distinción entre capital y recurso de José Luis Moreno Pestaña para abordar cómo esa lógica se reproduce en el campo político en la actualidad, ejemplificándolo con referencias a Rawls y Lenin. Finalmente, concluye proponiendo dos salidas para democratizar la diferencia manual/intelectual desde la política actual. (shrink)

El propösito de esta monografia es presentar el bosquejo de un desarrollo teörico acerca de dominios epistemicos. Tal desarrollo, distinto a enfoques de nombre similar que provienen particularmente de las ciencias de la conducta, ha sido disenado para ser aplicado en evaluaciön y producciön de discurso. La teoria postula que cada discurso estä fuertemente determinado por el dominio epistemico discursante y por la creencia que este sustenta acerca del dominio epistemico oyente. Se percibe que la teoria puede ser ütil en (...) el campo politico, educativo y empresarial, es decir, aquellos que requieren alta producciön y recepciön de discurso. La teoria presenta a los dominios como construcciones objetivas que conforman una unidad compleja de elementos y sus relaciones mutuas, que se modifica (a) segün sus propias estructuras frente a externalidades, o (b) por inferencias que produce segün una razön que le es propia. Esa alteraciön del dominio es el conocimiento. El dominio actüa como validaclor o censor de lo cognoscible. Cualquier configuraciön del dominio es posible. Los elementos del dominio no son representaciones, el sujeto es un elemento opcional y no un soporte de la acciön cognoscitiva, y la externalidad al dominio no se ve como objeto ni como realidad. (shrink)

Kepler is mainly known among historians of science for his astronomical theories and his approaches to problems having to do with philosophy of science and ontology. This paper attempts to contribute to Kepler studies by providing a discussion of a topic not frequently considered, namely Kepler’s theory of the soul, a general theory of knowledge whose central problem is what makes knowledge possible, rather than what makes knowledge true, as happens in the case of Descartes’s and Bacon’s epistemologies. Kepler’s theory (...) consists of four issues: the theory of the different sorts of soul—that is, the human soul, the animal soul, the vegetable soul, and the Earth soul—concerning their faculties, the differences and the resemblances emerging among them, the relation they maintain with their own bodies and the world, and the distinction soul–world. The paper discusses these issues from a historical perspective, that is, it reconstructs the way they appear in three periods of Kepler’s career: the period prior to the publication of the Mysterium cosmographicum, the period from 1596 to 1611, and the period of the Harmonices mundi libri V. Finally, Kepler’s epistemology is briefly contrasted with Descartes’s and Bacon’s in order to suggest that Kepler’s could be seen as a third way to understand the philosophical origins of Modernity.Keywords: Johannes Kepler; René Descartes; Francis Bacon; Anima; Force; Animism. (shrink)

La mayor parte de análisis de las actuales sociedades cibernéticas basados en la obra de Deleuze y Guattari las suelen concebir como sociedades de control y servidumbre maquínica. Esta caracterización se debe a que su concepto de cibernética se reduce a la cibernética de primer orden. Este artículo expone cómo las máquinas no-triviales concebidas por la cibernética de segundo orden permiten desarrollar los aspectos más socialmente emancipadores de la ontología maquínica deleuzoguattariana, sin necesidad de oponerse a las sociedades cibernéticas.

Garzón Vallejo, Iván. La religión en la razón pública. Bogotá; Buenos Aires: Universidad de la Sabana; Editorial Astrea, 2014. 287 pp.

Die Untersuchungen betreffen die Rezeption von kantischem Denken in der Hispanidad. Es handelt sich um Akten eines Kongresses, der 1983 an der Universitat zu Koln stattfand. Die verschiedenen Reaktionen (positive wie auch kritische) auf das kantische Denken von Autoren wie M. Nieto Serrano, J.M. Rey y Heredia, K.C.F. Krause, J. Sanz del Rio, J. Zubiri und R. Torretti werden thematisiert.".

Nietzsche’s experiences seem to be like mysticism. Several texts are examined:..

Standing upon Leonardo Polo's interpretation about Aristotle's doctrine on sensitive cognition, some aspects of the sensorial organical inmutation required in it are examined, and a thesis concerning de common sense as center and root of sensibility -not only exterior, but also interior- is suggested. According to this thesis, even the sensorial and organical inmutations belonging to the other internal senses can return to de organ of the common sense, which becomes the central and radical organ. Therefore all sensible objectivation should (...) take place in the common sense. This conclusion does not agree with Polo's position. (shrink)

Se glosa el método poliano del abandono del limite mental como un 'trascendimiento' de la presencia - la cual detiene el inteligir objetivante y como actualidad lo separa de la actuosidad y dinamismo reales-. Se excluye así la extrapolación de la actualidad presencial como forma del ente sustancial tanto como su reducción a determinación efectiva a manera de modalidad del juicio asertivo. De donde se interpreta la distinción real de la esencia potencial con respecto al acto de ser creado que (...) la trasciende - sin separación- como el inherente distinguirse de posibilidades temporalmente desplegado por este acto, y se averigua la real distinción entre la primalidad radical que compete al acto de ser principal - extramental- y al intrínsecamente dual- personal humano-. (shrink)

This article offers a commentary on some passages of the Introduction to the second volume of the Antropología trascendental, where Polo proposes the act of human being according to the character of además, which is equivalent to the personal living in view of its conversion, on a transcendental level, with the personal freedom and the intimacy as higher transcendentals than those of principial being. In addition, the decrease of essential level proceeding from these personal transcendentals is equivalent to the essential (...) human life increasing without restriction, in which natural organic individual life is actively received, and which is thereby spiritually revitalized. (shrink)

Few--including director Mel Gibson--were prepared for the firestorm of controversy that followed the release of the long-awaited "The Passion of the Christ." This timely collection of essays explores the film's questions in-depth and expands on its themes.

The Possible Universe explores a hypothetical philosophical synthesis based on the largest conceivable domain—the realm of the possible. This book suggests a final and ultimate in the notion of the possible, by which all necessary and contingent entities coalesce into the universe as possibility.

Estabelecer uma cone çáo entre um pressuposto etico - viver a vida e um enunciado ontologico: uma vida em sua imanencia. Articular os conceitos filosoficos ao seu plano de imanencia. lnstaurar uma relaç áo inequivoca entre imanencia e vida filosofica em Gilles Deleuze. ' Palavras-chave: Imanencia/ vidal ontologia/ Deleuze.

This paper presents the topological arrangements in four geometrical figures of modal propositions and their derivative relations by means of Peirce's gamma graphs and their rules of transformation. The idea of arraying the gamma graphs in a geometric and symmetrical order comes from Peirce himself who in a manuscript drew two cubes in which he presented the derivative relations of some gamma graphs. Therefore, Peirce's insights of a topological order of gamma graphs are extended here backwards from the cube to (...) the line and the square; and then forwards from the cube to the four-dimensional polyhedron. (shrink)

This paper first uncovers the subtle spiritual narcissism that has characterized historical approaches to religious diversity and discusses the shortcomings of the main forms of religious pluralism that have been proposed as its antidote: ecumenical, soteriological, postmodern, and metaphysical. It then argues that a participatory pluralism paves the way for an appreciation of religious diversity that eschews the dogmatism and competitiveness involved in privileging any particular tradition over the rest without falling into cultural-linguistic or naturalistic reductionisms. Discussion includes the question (...) of the validity of spiritual truths and the development of a participatory critical theory of religion. The essay concludes with an exploration of different scenarios for the future of religion– global religion, mutual transformation, interspiritual wisdom, and spirituality without religion–and proposes that such a future may be shaped by spiritually individuated persons engaged in processes of cosmological hybridization in the context of a common spiritual family. A participatory approach to spirituality turns the problem of religious plurality into a celebration of the critical spirit of pluralism. (shrink)